For generations, the heirs of President Garfield spoke proudly about his remarkable life but rarely mentioned his untimely death. We were aware what had happened, that he was assassinated in a transportation hub,” notes one of his family members. “We studied the story in historical accounts but, in one way or another, we just glanced over it.”
This transformed in 2011 with the publication of a presidential biography, which sparked curiosity in Garfield's unfinished life. The publication has now resulted in a television production titled Death by Lightning, featuring a talented performer as the commander-in-chief and Matthew Macfadyen as the unstable individual who shot him.
The series seeks to illuminate Garfield, who emerged from difficult circumstances to the highest office during the economic era only to fall victim to its deep political rifts. His tenure was cut short after only half a year not only by the killer's weapon but by physician mistakes – an tragedy now mostly overlooked while the deaths of Abraham Lincoln and JFK continue to captivate the public.
“You can't help but be proud what he did. He was like a multi-threat: he was a attorney, he was a preacher, he was a agriculturalist. He was all of these things which also formed his character and his approach and everything that we know about him the relatives maintain with us.”
Garfield was the most recent commander-in-chief coming from pioneer roots in Cuyahoga County in 1831. His parent passed away when he was just a toddler, leaving his mother, Eliza, to support a large family in challenging conditions. An voracious learner, Garfield found employment on vessels to make funds for an schooling.
He pursued jurisprudence, was entered the clergy, became president of Hiram College in Ohio and was a political representative. In 1858 he entered matrimony with a previous schoolmate, his partner, with whom he would have a large family. An passionate nationalist, Garfield viewed the national conflict as a holy crusade against human bondage and rose to the military position.
“As I studied his life, I was astonished. He was exceptionally intelligent. He was fearless. He was very progressive for the period. He was kind. He was a moral individual and would have been a remarkable commander-in-chief had he survived.”
Garfield was convinced by Lincoln to leave army service when he was elected to the House of Representatives, where he would work as a political representative for 17 years. He was dedicated proponent of racial equality in elections, viewing it as a matter of justice and the realization of a wartime covenant.
“The speech he gave on the legislative arena will tear your heart out. He was an remarkable speaker and this issue was extremely significant to him.”
At the political assembly in Chicago the party was fundamentally fractured between the “faction members”, led by a powerful politician, who supported a third term for military hero, and the “Half-Breeds”, who supported political contender. Garfield attended as a supporter of his close associate John Sherman.
When the 15,000-person convention was stalled between Grant and Blaine, representatives began searching for a compromise. Garfield's emotional address nominating Sherman caught their attention. During the speech, he reportedly exclaimed, “And now, delegates, what do we want?” to which a voice from the crowd unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the extended selection process, a rush of supporters made Garfield the shocking choice. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, Chester Arthur, a political ally from New York, was chosen as his vice president. In the national vote Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee to become the unique incumbent of the House ever to be elected president.
“His possible achievements and what is very unusual and maybe special for the American presidency is he hadn't campaigned aggressively. It's not that he had entirely ignored the possibility but he was pushed toward it.”
The central struggle of Garfield's brief term was his confrontation with Conkling over the “political favors”. Conkling insisted on authority over federal patronage in New York, particularly the powerful and lucrative post of customs official. Garfield rejected, stating the issue was “concerning if the national leader becomes registering clerk of the senate or the executive of the United States”. He nominated a rival of Conkling to the post.
The confrontation became a open fight but Garfield outmaneuvered Conkling in the Senate. Facing a embarrassing loss, Conkling and his associate resigned their seats in protest. The next day, Garfield's nominee was approved. It was a historic triumph for the power of the presidency over the party machine and for the change movement over “boss rule”.
But even as Garfield fought powerful figures of his party, he was being followed by a psychologically troubled person who exemplified the dark side of the patronage system. The assassin was a drifter with a history of career disappointments, psychological problems and childhood trauma. He had not succeeded as a attorney, debt recovery agent, preacher and member of a alternative community.
“He was mentally ill and his specific type of insanity was fantasy. He always believed that God had chosen him for significance. He actually had financially a better start than Garfield but where Garfield succeeded and advanced, Guiteau failed at everything.”
But Guiteau believed he had eventually located a route to achievement: politics. Carried away in the drama of the political contest, he wrote and delivered an unimportant address, and became certain in his thoughts that he was single-handedly responsible for Garfield's victory.
Under this thinking, Guiteau reckoned he had deserved a prestigious position. He went to the capital and constantly harassed Garfield, Blaine and other officials, insisting to be made the diplomatic representative — a role for which he had no experience. He became such a annoyance that he was eventually prohibited from the White House.
On that fateful day, just a short time into his presidency, Garfield was leaving Washington for his educational gathering. As he moved through the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad station, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, produced an handgun from his jacket and shot the president twice in the back.
Garfield cried out: “What's happening?” and fell on the depot ground. When a {police officer|law
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